Optics and Photonics Presentations attended by Del Mar Photonics team.
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Atomic Force Microscope AFM HERON -
sample quotes
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) for nano-characterization and
nanomanufacturing
Self-assembled monolayer and its wearing behavior on AFM probes
Paper 7405-34 of Conference 7405
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 5:30 PM
Author(s): Cheng-Hsien Chen, Hao-Chih Liu, Wen-Dung Hsu, National Cheng Kung
Univ. (Taiwan)
In this paper, we extended the prior work on wear resistant coatings of CD AFM
probes to general AFM probes. Unlike prior studies on AFM tip coatings, the
wearing and tip-sample interaction behavior of SAM coatings will be investigated
by AFM, SEM, and TEM characterizations. In addition, we apply molecular dynamics
(MD) and atomic-level simulation to model the nanotribological phenomena of SAM
material in the vicinity of tip apex region. The MD simulations also provide
models of the coating conformity at the AFM tip apex. We will discuss the
relationships between SAM molecules and their adhesion and wear performance on
AFM tips, and suggest wear-resistant probe designs for generic and special AFM/CD
AFM applications.
AFM measurement of long-range quantum forces
Paper 7400-35 of Conference 7400
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 10:50 AM – 11:20 AM
Author(s): Jeremy Munday, California Institute of Technology (United States)
Since its development, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been an excellent tool
for determining the surface properties of materials (e.g. topography, thermal
and charge distributions, sample-tip forces, etc). For most situations,
extremely sharp tips are used to increase lateral resolution; however, the
reduced area of interaction between the tip and the sample results in a reduced
sensitivity to long-range surface forces. Here I will describe the use of AFM to
measure long-range surface forces between a sphere and a plate. In particular, I
will show how the Casimir force, a force that results from the quantum
mechanical zero-point energy of electromagnetic fields, can be measured using
AFM. Despite its quantum origin, the Casimir effect can be felt in many
macroscopic, natural phenomena and should be considered whenever sub-micron
distances separate bodies. I will further show how this force, which depends
only on the optical properties of materials, can be changed from attractive to
repulsive by judicious choice of material bodies separated by fluid.
Independent measurements of an AFM tip's absolute z-position and applied force
Paper 7405-15 of Conference 7405
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 3:50 PM – 4:10 PM
Author(s): Thomas T. Perkins, Gavin M. King, Allison B. Churnside, Univ. of
Colorado at Boulder (United States)
Drift in atomic force microscopy is a longstanding problem. By scattering lasers
off the tip and a fiducial mark in the sample, we locally measure and thereby
actively control tip and sample position to atomic-scale precision in 3D. Here,
we demonstrate control of the absolute z-position of the tip, even when it is
disengaged from the sample. This provides for independent measurements of tip
position and tip force (deduced from the traditional cantilever deflection).
This dual z detection could be useful in a broad array of applications that
demand precise tip-sample control, including tip-based nanofabrication and
single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Spectral effects of AFM tip geometry
Paper 7405-16 of Conference 7405
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 4:10 PM – 4:30 PM
Author(s): Cornelius F. Hahlweg, Hendrik Rothe, Helmut-Schmidt Univ. (Germany)
Tactile measurement systems like AFM provide a better resolution than optical
inspection systems since they are not restricted by the wavelength of light. In
turn they introduce distortions, which may lead to harmonics that can even be
more powerful than the original spatial oscillations. Since the tip geometry
changes because of the dependent tip wear this can lead to complete
misinterpretations of the measurement results. We discuss a method to
characterize tip geometry effects by a mathematical approach that can also be
used in the spectral domain, leading to a spectral description of the resulting
signal.
The presented approach is neither based on morphological image processing nor
convolution. It can be utilized to determine the obtainable quality of AFM
measurements and the limits of surface reconstruction.
Further developments in the implementation of a concept of AFM measurements
using a priori knowledge
Paper 7405-17 of Conference 7405
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 4:30 PM – 4:50 PM
Author(s): Christian Recknagel, Hendrik Rothe, Helmut-Schmidt Univ. (Germany)
The Nanometer-Coordinate-Measuring-Machine is developed for comparatively fast
large area scans with high resolution for measuring critical dimensions. The
system combines a metrological atomic force microscope with a precise
positioning system. The sample is moved under the probe system via the
positioning system achieving a scan range of 25 x 25 x 5 mm³ with a resolution
of 0.1 nm. A concept for critical dimension measurement using a-priori-knowledge
is introduced. The automatic measurement involves intelligent measurement
strategies, which are adapted to specific geometries of the measurement feature
to reduce measurement time and uncertainty. The practical implementation of this
concept focuses on proving the concept.
Atomic Force Microscope AFM HERON -
sample quotes
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) for nano-characterization and
nanomanufacturing
Non-linear distortions caused by AFM-tip geometry and limitations of
reconstruction on discrete data
Paper 7405-18 of Conference 7405
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 4:50 PM – 5:10 PM
Author(s): Cornelius F. Hahlweg, Hendrik Rothe, Helmut-Schmidt Univ. (Germany)
In tactile measurement systems like AFM it is obvious that the shape of the
tactile tip scanning the surface function determines the measurement result: a
certain tip shape will result in a remarkable blurring of edges and also a
distortion of smooth surface functions.
These effects are usually treated in a more or less heuristic way by applying
morphological operations. In previous papers the highly non-linear nature of the
blurring process and the resulting distortions could be shown. Signal processing
and reconstruction, the effects of limited spectral band width and the sampling
process have to be taken into account. A system approach is presented, modelling
the distortions caused by the tactile tip and possible recontruction systems.
Guidelines for the desing of the whole signal chain are derived, as well as
reconstruction methods and their limitations. The paper discusses system models
for analog and digital signal chains and gives some measurement and
reconstruction results.
Atomic force microscopy-based nano-characterizations of electrical properties of
thin-film solar cell materials and devices
Paper 7409-27 of Conference 7409
Date: Monday, 03 August 2009
Time: 11:15 AM – 11:45 AM
Author(s): Chunsheng Jiang, Helio R. Moutinho, Yanfa Yan, Mowafak M. Al-Jassim,
National Renewable Energy Lab. (United States)
Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, scanning capacitance microscopy, and
conductive-AFM are AFM-based electrical characterization techniques that measure
surface potential, carrier concentration, and local conduction path in nanometer
resolutions. In this presentation, we will review our recent progress in the
characterizations of electrical properties in thin-film solar cell materials and
devices, using theses AFM-based techniques. We will present three
characterizations of thin-film Si-based materials and devices, each using one of
the techniques above, and present grain boundary depletions in CIGS thin films.
These characterizations provide useful information for understanding the device
physics and improving the material quality and device performances.
Luminescence nanoimaging of quantum and molecular structures using a highly
localized plasmon source
Paper 7395-84 of Conference 7395
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 3:45 PM – 4:05 PM
Author(s): Manuel J. Romero, Anthony J. Morfa, Thomas H. Reilly III, Jao van de
Lagemaat, National Renewable Energy Lab. (United States)
We have developed an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based scanning tunneling
luminescence microscopy in which tunneling electrons excite plasmon modes
confined to the tunneling gap at the tip. This highly localized plasmon source
is used for the subsequent excitation of the quantum dot (QD) or molecule being
imaged by the AFM tip. Both the SP and the molecular luminescence can be
detected optically. We show that the combination of the AFM nanometer resolution
and the local spectroscopy of the tunneling luminescence can be used to
investigate nanoscale optoelectronics in molecular structures, single-molecule
detection and SP-QD coupling.
Single molecule detection using superhydrophobic surfaces and advanced
biophotonic devices
Paper 7394-3 of Conference 7394
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 10:00 AM – 10:30 AM
Author(s): Enzo M. Di Fabrizio, Univ. degli studi Magna Græcia di Catanzaro
(Italy) and INFM–TASC (Italy)
We report novel micro and nanofabrication techniques for single molecule
detection by generating surface plasmons, thus giving a giant electric field.
Self-similar Ag-nanosphere based plasmonic devices are fabricated using e-beam
and electroless techniques for the characterization of biomolecules.
Another device, comprising tapered nanolens and photonic crystal cavity, has
been fabricated on AFM cantilever to perform AFM and Raman measurements, showing
great potentials for chemical, structural and morphological study.
Si micropillars would constitute a superhydrobhobic surface which delivers the
ability of confining dilute biomolecules into a bounded region of the plane.
Major novelty resides in combined use of micro and nano-structures.
Comparison of multilayer laser scribing of thin film solar cells with femto,
pico and nanosecond pulse durations
Paper 7409-10 of Conference 7409
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 11:40 AM – 12:00 PM
Author(s): Tai-Wook Kim, Heui-Jae Pahk, Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic
of); Hee K. Park, AppliFlex LLC (United States); David J. Hwang, Costas P.
Grigoropoulos, Univ. of California, Berkeley (United States)
We report experimental studies on laser scribing of thin film solar cells using
various types of lasers, to determine the optimum parameters for multilayer
structures (P1, P2 and P3) of a-Si and CIGS solar cells. Detailed process
parameters such as pulse repetition rate, scanning speed, pulse energy, laser
wavelength, and direction of laser illumination relative to substrate are
examined. Characteristics are evaluated by AFM and SEM, EDS, and electrical
conductance of interconnects by conductive AFM. Issues on defects such as
debris, rim formation, thermal damage and inter-diffusion of materials at the
interface are discussed on the basis of laser-materials interaction.
Coalescence Overgrowth of GaN Nanocolumns with Patterned Metalorganic Chemical
Vapor Deposition
Paper 7406-28 of Conference 7406
Date: Monday, 03 August 2009
Time: 6:00 PM
Author(s): Tsung-Yi Tang, Wen-Yu Shiao, Yung-Sheng Chen, Cheng-Hung Lin, Kun-Ching
Shen, Chih-Chung Yang, National Taiwan Univ. (Taiwan); Chiu-Lin Yao, Jui-Hung
Yeh, Ta-Cheng Hsu, Epistar Corp. (Taiwan)
High-quality coalescence overgrowth of patterned-grown GaN nanocolumns on
c-plane sapphire substrate with metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is
demonstrated. From the atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement, the surface
roughness of the overgrown layer is as small as 0.411 nm. Based on the AFM and
depth-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements, near the surface of the
overgrown layer, the dislocation density is reduced to the order of 10 to 7 per
square cm, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the control sample
and 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those of ordinary GaN templates for
fabricating light-emitting diode.
Excitons and multi-excitons in heterostructured semiconductor nanorods
Paper 7393-6 of Conference 7393
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 10:50 AM – 11:20 AM
Author(s): Uri Banin, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
An important frontier in nanocrystal synthesis concerns the growth of
heterostructures of different materials in the same nanostructure as means of
increasing functionality. An interesting combination is that of two
semiconductors where a seeded growth approach can be used to create rod shaped
particles with either type I or type II band-alignment. Using different seed dot
particles, we describe growth of either types of rod architectures, yielding
outstanding emission properties. Such nanoparticles are excellent candidates for
biological tagging, optical applications and optical gain media. The use of
optical spectroscopy along with STM and STS (scanning tunneling spectroscopy),
was implemented to reveal the electronic properties, measure the band-offsets in
these systems, and characterize the multi-excitonic spectra and properties. We
also use Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM), along with
time resolving capabilities, to produce high resolution optical imaging and
spectroscopy measurements of single nanorods. The strong distance dependent
energy transfer between the excited particle and a metallic coated AFM tip
provides a contrast mechanism for sub-diffraction limited optical imaging. These
optical images are fully synchronized with the AFM scan, which enables us to
correlate the optical image with the nanorod topography and resolve the exciton
location with sub-20nm resolution.
Ultra-thin films of titanium oxide via UV-assisted decomposition of sol-gel
precursors: potential as tandem-cell interlayers and encapsulation layers in
organic photovoltaic devices
Paper 7416-68 of Conference 7416
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 8:00 PM
Author(s): Delvin Tadytin, Diogenes Placencia, Neal R. Armstrong, The Univ. of
Arizona (United States)
Titanium oxide sol-gel precursors were used as charge recombination and
encapsulation layers in titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc)/C60-based organic
photovoltaics. A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber was constructed to
deposit the titanium oxide thin films under rough vacuum conditions.
Stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric oxides were generated and x-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) along with conductive-tip atomic force
microscopy (C-AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were
used to characterize the films.
Single wall nanotubes forests as demonstration for nanotubes length controlling
Paper 7399-30 of Conference 7399
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 5:30 PM
Author(s): Francesco Lamberti, Moreno Meneghetti, Nicola Elvassore, Univ. degli
Studi di Padova (Italy)
we propose a novel method to control single wall nanotubes (SWNTs) length
following a solfonitric oxidation/etching step monitoring not the time, as
others have just monstrated, but the temperature of the ultrasonic bath during
the shortening step. This procedure could be simply demonstrated as the best for
obtaining a good reproducibility.
Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the
tubes treated at different temperatures have dissimilar defects concentrations
along the tubes while atomic force microscopy (AFM) on self-assembled monolayers
of SWNTs (forests) confirmed finally that to different bath temperatures
correspond different nanotubes' heights.
Effect of Pr2O3 doping on the structural and optical properties of RF magnetron
sputtered ZnO thin films
Paper 7404-27 of Conference 7404
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 12:00 PM – 12:20 PM
Author(s): R. Vinodkumar, I. Navas, Detty P. Alappatt, Renju R. Krishnan,
Vellara P. Mahadevan Pillai, Univ. of Kerala (India)
In order to study the effect of praseodymium oxide doping, ZnO and Pr2O3 doped
(1, 3 and 5 wt %) ZnO films are prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering and are
characterized by techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, AFM, UV-Visible spectroscopy and
Photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Atomic Force Microscope AFM HERON -
sample quotes
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) for nano-characterization and
nanomanufacturing
Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition assisted growth of graphene films
Paper 7399-29 of Conference 7399
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 5:10 PM – 5:30 PM
Author(s): Laurent Baraton, Ecole Polytechnique (France); Laurent Gangloff,
Stéphane Xavier, Thales Research & Technology (France); Costel S. Cojocaru,
Ecole Polytechnique (France); Pierre Legagneux, Thales Research & Technology
(France); Vincent Huc, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 (France); Young-Hee Lee, Sungkyunkwan
Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Didier Pribat, Ecole Polytechnique (France)
Graphene, a one atom thick carbon layer, is the emerging material in the field
of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Its amazing properties allow researchers to
consider an unprecedented wide range of applications, but such developments
require a reliable, low cost and easily scalable synthesis process of graphene
films.
In this communication we expose a growth process based on low temperature plasma
enhanced chemical vapour deposition techniques. The films grown using this
method were characterised using classical methods (Raman spectroscopy, AFM, SEM)
and films conductivity is found to be close to those reported by others.
Third-order nonlinear optical characteristics and the morphologies of
polythiophene derivative thin films fabricated by solution method
Paper 7413-2 of Conference 7413
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 8:50 AM – 9:05 AM
Author(s): Shizuyasu Ochiai, Suguru Mototani, Kenzo Kojima, Teruyoshi Mizutani,
Aichi Institute of Technology (Japan)
The PATs thin film were prepared dropping liquid droplets on a quartz glass
surface treated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The molecular orientation or
alignment of P3AT thin films with and without HMDS was observed by using an
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Atomic Force
Microscorp(AFM) and nonlinear-optical-characteristics were performed by
Maker-fringe method. The results indicate that P3OT thin film with HMDS has an
excellent nonlinear-optical property. In the P3OT thin film, the orientation is
parallel to the surface. The shape of the grain forms nano-fiber. These findings
indicate that the P3OT-thin film has an excellent nonlinear-optical property.
Electric field modulated directional energy flow in strongly-coupled quantum dot
nano-assemblies
Paper 7393-9 of Conference 7393
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 12:00 PM – 12:20 PM
Author(s): Yashwant K. Verma, Somnath Ghosh, Maribel Gallardo, Christopher G.
Ferri, Sayantani Ghosh, Univ. of California, Merced (United States)
We report about our technique of creating macroscopically ordered aggregates of
strongly-coupled disk-shaped colloidal QDs by suspending them in a matrix of
nematic liquid-crystal molecules (NLC) at room-temperatures. High resolution
ultrafast optical spectroscopy reveals the strength of the interdot coupling to
be far greater than previously observed in other colloidal QDs. AFM images have
demonstrated that aggregation occurs by stacking of the disk-shaped QDs, while
DLS measurements on isolated and QD-NLC matrix reveal the aggregates to be
composed of tens of QDs. Liquid-crystal molecules allow us to reversibly alter
the spatial orientation of the coupled QDS in situ by application of electric
fields. The electrical modulation, which controllably alters the directionality
of energy flow along preferred axes, is an important functionality for
applications in opto-electronic devices.
This work was supported by ARO.
3D measurement method based on wavelet transform by using SEM
Paper 7432-6 of Conference 7432
Date: Monday, 03 August 2009
Time: 9:40 AM – 10:00 AM
Author(s): Yasuhiko Arai, Kansai Univ. (Japan)
A novel three-dimensional measurement method for micro size products is proposed
by using Wavelet transform and the electron-beam of SEM. Fringe image as the
shadow of grating is analyzed. A bearing ball whose diameter is 500 micro-meter
was measured by this system using the grating of which pitch is 12 micro-meter.
The accuracy of the proposed method is discussed using this result. A three
dimensional micro-construction of the head of a hard disk is measured by the
system using the grating of which pitch is 4 micro-meter. From comparison with
AFM, it is confirmed that the proposed method has high-resolution power.
Comparative study of X-Ray scattering by first-order perturbation theory and
generalized Harvey-Shack theory
Paper 7448-35 of Conference 7448
Date: Monday, 03 August 2009
Time: 6:00 PM
Author(s): Yonggang Wang, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and
Physics (China)
Applications of the x-ray scattering (XRS) technique for studying super-smooth
are discussed. The XRS method is demonstrated to enable quantitative evaluation
of PSD functions and effective roughness of super-smooth surfaces. Within the
calculation of PSD function and effective roughness, comparative study between
first-order perturbation theory and generalized Harvey-shack theory are
performed. The calculated values all are in a good agreement with the results
obtained from Atomic force microscope (AFM), especially the generalized
Harvey-shack theory because of no explicit smooth surface approximation. Both of
the theories also can allow accurate predictions of image degradation due to
scattering effects in X-ray telescopes. The experimental schemes are analyzed
and systematic errors on the determination of PSD functions are evaluated.
Novel approaches to biosensing and nano-biological interactions
Paper 7397-6 of Conference 7397
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 10:40 AM – 11:10 AM
Author(s): Nathaniel C. Cady, Univ. at Albany (United States)
Nanotechnology has recently been applied to a wide range of biological systems.
In particular, there is a current push to examine the interface between the
biological world and micro/nano-scale systems. My research in this field has led
to the development of novel strategies for spatial patterning of biomolecules,
electrical and optical biosensing, nanomaterial delivery systems, single-cell
manipulation, and the study of cellular interactions with nano-structured
surfaces. Current work on these topics will be presented, including work on
novel, semiconductor-based DNA detection methods and mechanical, atomic force
microscopy (AFM)-based characterization of bacterial biofilms in
three-dimensional microfluidic systems.
Surface characterization of CdZnTe crystals for fabricating radiation detectors
Paper 7449-23 of Conference 7449
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 11:10 AM – 11:30 AM
Author(s): Anwar M. Hossain, Brookhaven National Lab. (United States); Oluseyi
S. Babalola, Fisk Univ. (United States); Aleksey E. Bolotnikov, Giuseppe S.
Camarda, Yonggang Cui, Ge Yang, Ki Hyun Kim, Ralph B. James, Brookhaven National
Lab. (United States)
Surface processing is an important step in detector manufacturing process.
Surface properties control many aspects of device's performance. We studied the
topographic features of the various processed surfaces of CdZnTe crytals. We
prepared the crystals' surfaces in two ways: 1) By mechanical polishing to
various extents, from 5 m to the lowest 0.05 m, and then chemically etching
them with Bromine-Methanol solution; and, 2) By chemo-mechanical polishing.
Thereafter, we used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to reveal the features of the
surfaces of both. We measured the electrical properties of the fabricated
devices, correlating our findings with the corresponding surface features to
optimize processing treatments, so yielding the best surfaces for manufacturing
high-quality CdZnTe radiation-detectors.
Fabrication of nanoimprinting molds by two-photon polymerization
Paper 7405-14 of Conference 7405
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 3:00 PM – 3:20 PM
Author(s): Wande Zhang, Li-Hsin Han, Shaochen Chen, The Univ. of Texas at Austin
(United States)
Fabricating nanoimprinting molds usually involves numerous costly and
time-consuming steps. We demonstrate the plausibility of making low-cost
nanoimprinting molds easily by using the femtosecond-laser-induced two-photon
polymerization (TPP) technique. Importantly, using TPP to make nanoimprinting
modes also enables the utilization of TPP’s capacity to make fine nanoscale
structures in mass production. A Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser was used to
induce TPP to make 400-nm-width lines on glass substrate, our nanoimprinting
mold. Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate was then patterned by the mold to
demonstrate its imprinting capacity. The results were analyzed by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
High electron mobility and ambient stability in solution-processed perylene-based
organic field effect transistors
Paper 7417-46 of Conference 7417
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 5:15 PM – 5:30 PM
Author(s): Claudia Piliego, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (United States) and
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (Netherlands); Dorota Jarzab, Univ. of
Groningen (Netherlands); Zhihua Chen, Antonio F. Facchetti, Polyera Corp.
(United States); Maria A. Loi, Univ. of Groningen (Netherlands)
We report the realization of bottom-contact bottom-gate OFETs based on
spin-coated films of N,N’-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI-FCN2)
which combines high solubility, elevated electron mobility, and good air
stability. The devices fabricated by employing a simple and inexpensive
solution-deposition technique, exhibit a saturation regime mobility of 0.15
cm2/Vs (0.08 cm2/Vs in ambient), a threshold voltage of -5.6V and an IOn/IOff
ratio greater than 1000. These performances, which are the highest ever reported
for a bottom contact configuration, have been correlated to the morphological
and optical characteristic of the film by performing atomic force microscopy (AFM)
and confocal laser microscopy (CLM)investigations.
Solvent effect on the morphology of P3HT/PCBM films
Paper 7416-63 of Conference 7416
Date: Tuesday, 04 August 2009
Time: 8:00 PM
Author(s): Yu Xie, Pavel Dutta, Dorin Cengher, Venkat Bommisetty, Jing Li, David
W. Galipeau, Qiquan Qiao, South Dakota State Univ. (United States)
This work reports the study of solvent effects on morphology for P3HT/PCBM films
using chlorobenzene, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene and 1, 3-dichlorobenzene. Atomic force
microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis absorption
spectra were performed to study the film morphology using chlorobenzene, 1,
2-dichlorobenzene and 1, 3-dichlorobenzene as solvent. Initial studies showed
that there were fewer nanoclusters (~200 nm diameter) in 1, 3-dichlorobenzene
based films than in chlorobenzene based films. In addition, an obvious red shift
was observed in the UV-Vis absorption spectra for the P3HT/PCBM blend from 1,
3-dichlorobenzene compared to that from chlorobenzene. Work is under way to
compare the electron transport pathway toward the electrode using Kelvin Probe
Force Microscopy of the films spin coated from solutions of chlorobenzene, 1,
2-dichlorobenzene and 1, 3-dichlorobenzene, respectively.
Optical and structural properties of In1-xGaxN layers grown by HPCVD
Paper 7422-23 of Conference 7422
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 8:45 AM – 9:05 AM
Author(s): Max Buegler, Göksel Durkaya, Georgia State Univ. (United States);
Enno Malguth, Georgia State Univ. (United States) and Technische Univ. Berlin
(Germany); William E. Fenwick, Ian T. Ferguson, Georgia Institute of Technology
(United States); Nikolaus Dietz, Georgia State Univ. (United States)
The In1-xGaxN alloy system has potential for high efficiency solar energy
conversion and advanced optoelectronic applications. Ga1-xInxN/In1-xGaxN
hetero-structures can be engineered to be responsive from UV to IR wavelength
regime. This contribution focuses on the structural and optical characterization
of In1-xGaxN layers and heterostructures grown by ‘high-pressure chemical vapor
deposition (HPCVD), a growth technique enabling elevated temperatures using 15
to 20 bar nitrogen overpressure in order to suppress thermal disassociation of
In1-xGaxN layers.
We will present structural and optical analysis of In1-xGaxN layers studied by
Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Transmission
Spectroscopy (OTS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
An experimental investigation of Fang's Ag superlens suitable for integration
Paper 7395-57 of Conference 7395
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 11:20 AM – 11:40 AM
Author(s): Claus Jeppesen, Rasmus B. Nielsen, Sanshui Xiao, Niels A. Mortensen,
Technical Univ. of Denmark (Denmark); Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Purdue Univ.
(United States); Anders Kristensen, Technical Univ. of Denmark (Denmark)
We report on experimental realization of the Fang Ag superlens structure
replacing PMMA with a highly chemical resistant copolymer, mr-I T85. Mr-I T85 is
compatible with further processing involving acids and polar solvents. Our
superlens stack consisted of a quartz/chrome grating mask, 40 nm of mr-I T85, 35
nm Ag, and finally 100 nm mr-6000UVL. The exposures took place in a UV-aligner
at 365 nm and supporting COMSOL simulations were made to illustrate the field
distribution. AFM scans of the exposed structure revealed 120-140 nm gratings.
The superlens is to be embedded in a bioplatform.
Massively parallel fabrication and characterization of DNA templated magnetic
wires
Paper 7397-34 of Conference 7397
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 5:00 PM – 5:30 PM
Author(s): Albena Ivanisevic, Purdue Univ. (United States)
A long DNA molecule was used to guide the assembly of pyrrolidinone capped Fe2O3
and CoFe2O3 particles, as well as poly-lysine coated gold nanoparticles. The
resulting DNA templated wires were stretched onto silicon oxide surfaces using a
receding meniscus procedure. The coated, stretched and surface bound wires were
characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM),
and spectroscopic methods. The results with respect to the wire properties were
correlated with those determined from the bulk properties of the nanoparticles
and with the properties of the bulk DNA. The MFM measurements allowed us to
visualize the formation of domains along the wires, as well as qualitatively
compare the magnetic properties of each templated structure. This report will
also describe how templated DNA can be used as a dynamic material scaffold
capable of being enzymatically reduced to smaller fragments, and subsequently re
– joined to become a long strand.
Nanoimprint lithography for complex 3D micro-nano structures replication under
low temperature
Paper 7402-29 of Conference 7402
Date: Wednesday, 05 August 2009
Time: 5:30 PM
Author(s): Hongwen Sun, Hohai Univ. (China); Jingquan Liu, Di Chen, Shanghai
Jiao Tong Univ. (China)
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) was imployed to fabricate nanoimprint stamps. Complex 3D
micro-nano patterns were fabricated including the emblems of Beijing 2008
Olympic Games and Shanghai 2010 World Expo on a single stamp. These micro/nano
structures were then faithfully replicated to SU-8 2000.1 resist, with low
imprint temperature. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and
atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize both stamp and replica’s
surface profile and replication fidelity. The results show that NIL with the FIB
fabricated stamps can successfully replicate complex 3D micro-nano SU-8
structures at the same time under low temperature.
Sensoric applications based on plasmonic effects at metal nanoparticles
Paper 7395-69 of Conference 7395
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 8:00 AM – 8:25 AM
Author(s): Andrea Csaki, Marie Loechner, Thomas Schneider, Andrea Steinbrück,
Wolfgang Fritzsche, IPHT Jena (Germany)
Metal nanoparticles exhibit a large potential for sensoric applications due to
localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). LSPR bands are sensitive to the
material or the immediate environment of the particles.
We followed the optical properties of nanoparticles at a single molecule level
in-situ during wet chemical reactions. On the other hand, correlative microscopy
combining AFM measurements of a particle with its spectrum allow for the
characterization of structure-property relations. Preliminary findings point to
Au/Ag core/shell particles of certain dimensions as especially sensitive to
spectral changes upon analyte binding as compared to pure metal particles.
Infrared antennas for near-field microscopy and enhanced near-field spectroscopy
Paper 7395-71 of Conference 7395
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 8:50 AM – 9:15 AM
Author(s): Thomas Taubner, RWTH Aachen (Germany); Jon A. Schuller, Mark L.
Brongersma, Stanford Univ. (United States)
I will present new concepts for increasing the sensitivity of infrared
scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). S-SNOM relies on the
scattering of light at a sharp metallic tip to obtain images with subwavelength
resolution. The use of mid-infrared light allows to acquire spectroscopic
information on a sample’s chemical, structural and electronic properties.
One way to increase sensitivity is to create plasmon resonant nanostructures
from metal-coated AFM tips. Thus they can act as “optical antennas” by
concentrating light into tiny, subwavelength volumes. The second strategy is to
enhance the near-field probing process of thin molecular layers by suitable
substrates.
Nanoscale resolved infrared spectra of a thermal oxide using s-SNOM and QC
lasers
Paper 7395-86 of Conference 7395
Date: Thursday, 06 August 2009
Time: 4:25 PM – 4:45 PM
Author(s): Greg O. Andreev, Gerardo Dominguez, Mark Thiemens, Fritz Keilmann,
Dmitri N. Basov, Univ. of California, San Diego (United States)
We present ~20nm resolution IR images of a thermal oxide (SiO2) on Si for
wavelengths ranging from λ=7.96um to 8.47um. The images are taken with an s-SNOM
built around a commercial AFM (Attocube). The light source is a Quantum Cascade
Laser (Daylight Solutions) with continuous tuning. The tunability of the QCL
allowed us to acquire IR spectra of a (<100nm)2 area in <100s. The spectra show
clear differences between SiO2, Si, and particulates on the sample. These proof
of concept results show that rapidly tunable QC lasers combined with s-SNOM
offer a feasible means for nanoscale material discrimination.
Nanoptical characterization of plasmonic nanostructures and devices with single
and multiprobe NSOM (Keynote Presentation) (Keynote Presentation)
Paper 7394-1 of Conference 7394
Date: Sunday, 02 August 2009
Time: 8:30 AM – 9:15 AM
Author(s): Aaron Lewis, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
More than two decades ago our group investigated plane wave light transmission
and the transmission of fluorescence through nano aperture arrays in gold
palladium films [1-2]. In our earliest report [1] we reported that “Although the
transmission through 1 m apertures appears consistent with exact
electromagnetic field calculations there appears to be more transmission through
the smallest apertures than theoretical prediction.” About a decade and a half
after our investigations Ebbesen and coworkers verified our observations and
explained the large transmission property of such nano-hole arrays as an effect
involving surface plasmons (SPs) [3,4]. Since Ebbesen’s paper in 1998,
nano-holes arrays have generated both theoretical and experimental interest in
order to understand the physics involved in the Extraordinary Optical
Transmission (EOT) through such arrays [5-8]. The experimental investigations
undertaken have generally focused on far-field optics. Nonetheless, the optical
near-field plays a major role in the enhancement process and so is integral to
developing a full understanding. This paper will summarize these near-field
optical investigations completed by our group and others. Such investigations
have resulted in new understandings of the distribution of plasmon propagation
in these nano-arrays. We will also demonstrate controlled perturbation of such
surface plasmon propagation in these nano arrays by employing on-line an
apertured near-field optical probe in concert with a single gold ball AFM probe.
Atomic Force Microscope AFM HERON -
sample quotes
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) for nano-characterization and
nanomanufacturing